Sempai, Kohai and Dohai: respect for the hierarchical system

In the world of martial arts, particularly in karate, hierarchy plays an essential role in transmitting values ​​such as respect, humility and mutual help. Although the notions of senpai (senpai) e sheep are well known and widely applied, that of free remains unknown. Indeed, it raises some questions and appears particularly in contexts where the hierarchical order is not clearly established.

Senpai and Kohai: a fundamental principle

The system senpai-kohai it is based on a vertical relationship where the older student (senpai) guides and supports the younger or less experienced student (kohai). This dynamic depends not only on rank, but also on seniority in the dojo. Therefore, a practitioner who started earlier will be considered another’s senpai, even if his or her belt progression is similar.

The senpai’s role is to support the sensei and allow him to pass on his knowledge by helping the kohai to progress. In return, the kohai shows respect towards his senpai who serves as his role model. This structure promotes a natural transmission of knowledge and strengthens cohesion within the dojo.

Dohai: equality in practice

Less mentioned, the term free designates a professional who is at the same level as another, without a relationship of immediate hierarchical superiority. Unlike the senpai-kohai relationship, where there is a clear hierarchy, the dohai are equals who evolve together, often in a dynamic of healthy emulation.

In the dojo itself it is relatively easy to recognize one’s dohai, as each person’s seniority is clearly identified. However, in external events such as phases (gasshuku) OR competitionsit becomes more difficult to determine who is older or more experienced, especially when it comes to positioning seirutsu (hierarchical line).

Manage hierarchy in an external context

When you find yourself in front of a dohai during an external event, you must combine courtesy and lack of knowledge of your interlocutor. Here are some principles that can guide these situations:

1. Show humility : If the order isn’t obvious, respectfully giving up your seat is often the best option.
2. Observer and adapter : by observing how other practitioners position themselves, we are often able to understand the dynamics taking place.
3. Use dialogue : when doubt remains, a simple respectful exchange with your dohai helps avoid any misunderstanding.

Conclusion

The hierarchical system in karate is based on the principles of respect and mutual help. If the senpai-kohai relationship is well rooted in tradition, the notion of dohai deserves to be better understood and applied, particularly in external contexts where hierarchy is less evident. By adopting a humble and respectful attitude, each practitioner contributes to strengthening the harmony and discipline that are the richness of martial arts.